Module 2: Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks
OK. I F-I-N-A-L-L-Y made it through "Module 1: Network Support" to "Module 2: Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks" in the Network Support and Security online class available from the Cisco Networking Academy.
Boy, was it a LONG slog. However, "Module 1: Network Support" is complete. I scored a 93% on the 15 question end-of-module exam. I am now moving on to the next module in the class.
Module 2: Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks
Here are the Topic Titles and Topic Objectives for Module 2.
Topic Title
Topic Objective
Common Threats
Explain the threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks that occur in the various domains.
Deception
Describe the different deception methods used by attackers to deceive their victims.
Cyber Attacks
Describe common types of network attacks.
Wireless and Mobile Device Attacks
Describe common types of wireless and mobile device attacks.
Application Attacks
Describe types of application attacks.
Cisco CyberOps Associate
After "Module 2: Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks", Module 3 covers the topic of network security. As a result, the last two modules of the Network Support and Security online class will have a cybersecurity emphasis.
I recently bought a copy of official study guide for the Cisco CyberOps Associate (CBROPS 200-201) book published by Cisco Press over on Amazon.com. Thus, it will be interesting to see how much of an overlap there is between the online course and Cisco's entry-level cybersecurity certification.
Textbook for Cisco CyberOps Associate
Recently, I have considered putting aside studying for CCNA and focusing on the Cisco CyberOps Associate certification instead. After all, the Cisco CyberOps Associate certification only has one textbook compared to the two volumes needed to study for CCNA. Furthermore, I have a lot of regret about not earning my Security+ certification from CompTIA. After I earned my A+ certification, I should have just started studying for the Security+ certification in order to get me out of working at the Tier 1 IT help desk at the Social Security Administration (SSA). Earning that Security+ certification would have allowed me to work in the Security Operations Center (SOC) for SSA as a cybersecurity analyst. Instead of doing that, I got bogged down studying for the Network+ certification, which is CompTIA's version of CCNA. Why did I start studying for Network+ after A+? Well, the conventional wisdom is to study for Network+ after earning the A+ certification. After earning the Network+ certification, people will then typically study for Security+. The certification model is computer (A+) then network (Network+) then security (Security+). After figuratively banging my head against a brick wall while studying for Network+, I gave up and then started to study for CCNA instead. In hindsight, I should have skipped over networking altogether and focused exclusively on cybersecurity. That said, in order to defend networks from cyberattacks, it does kind of help to know how networks operate and do what they do.
Do I have regrets?
You better believe it.
Possible Change of Mission
Once I finish the Network Support and Security online course, I just MIGHT put aside studying for CCNA and focus on studying for the CyberOps Associate certification instead.The reason? The main reason is that I NEED an IT certification to put on my resume AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
On the other hand, I just might be able to land an entry-level data center technician job somewhere in the Phoenix area with these badges I have earned from completing the online courses in networking from the Cisco Networking Academy.
In a previous post, I wrote about all of the problems that I have encountered with my TrekHybrid 7.2 FX bike after my bike sat in the garage of my mom's house for a couple of years. I also wrote about taking my bike over to Southwest Bicycles in Peoria, AZ for maintenance. Furthermore, I also wrote about buying the Sea SuckerTalon rooftop bike rack from REI.
This past Saturday, I F-I-N-A-L-L-Y got around to setting up the Sea Sucker Talon bike rack on my car.
After watering the plants in the backyard, sweeping off the patio, and cleaning out the garage at my mom's house, I went ahead and took the opportunity to set up the Sea Sucker Talon bike rack on the roof of my car. Since it was a H-O-T afternoon (115 degrees Fahrenheit) in the Sun City, AZ area, I was already sweating like crazy. Since I had nothing else planned for the afternoon, it was the perfect opportunity to set up the bike rack.
I had already completed most of the preparation work before mounting the bike rack to the roof of my car.
I had already watched a couple of videos on Sea Sucker's own website on how to set up the Talon bike rack.
I also sat down and actually read through the instructions.
Lastly, I had already tried mounting the front of my Trek Hybrid 7.2 FX bike on the Talon bike rack on the floor of my mom's garage.
With all of that work completed, it was now time to actually set up the Sea Sucker Talon bike rack on the roof of my car. I was motivated to set up the bike rack for two reasons. First, I am starting to get incredibly bored with using the elliptical trainer at the gym. Spending longer than 20 minutes on the elliptical trainer no longer appeals to me. I start to get incredibly BORED. Second, since my failed attempt at mounting my brand new rear tire to the bike frame ended in disaster back in May, my Trek Hybrid bike has been collecting dust in my mom's garage.
Thus, it was a now or never type of moment.
As the videos from Sea Sucker made clear, setting up the Talon bike was actually fairly easy to do.
Here are the steps that I followed to set up the Talon 1-Bike Rack:
I securely mounted the the HUSKE QR Fork Mount onto the front rack body.
I then wiped clean the area on the roof of my car where I was going to place the front rack body.
I then removed the protective covers for the suction cups on the front rack body.
While holding down the front rack body, I then pressed the pump for each suction cup repeatedly until the orange indicator band was no longer visible.
I then inserted the skewer into the opening of the HUSKE QR Fork Mount with the QR Washer next to the Cam Lever.
I then attached the Adjustment Nut to the skewer.
I then removed the front tire from my bike.
I then lifted my bike onto the roof of my car.
I then mounted the front tire dropouts of my bike onto the skewer.
I then tightened the Adjustment Nut on the skewer as tight as possible against the bike fork.
I then loosened the Adjustment Nut until I was able to close the Cam Lever.
After removing the the protective cover for the suction cup, I then placed the rear rack body under the rear tire of my bike.
Again, I then pressed the pump for the suction cup until the orange indicator band was no longer visibile.
I then wrapped the velcro strap to secure the tire to the rear rack body.
To prevent the pedals from moving around during travel, I then used the orange velcro strap to secure the pedal to the bike frame.
Before I knew it, I had mounted my bike to the Sea Sucker Talon bike rack on the roof of my car. It was pretty easy.
The most difficult part of setting up the Talon bike rack was mounting the bike to the forward base.
My bike successfully mounted to the Sea Sucker bike rack.
Close up of the suction cups used in the Sea Sucker bike rack.
The Sea Sucker Talon bike rack on the roof of my car.
Rear view of the Sea Sucker Talon bike rack.
I then started my car and cautiously left the parking lot at my mom's house. I then drove around the neighborhood for a little bit. My bike appeared to be securely mounted to the Sea Sucker bike rack. Additionally, the Sea Sucker bike rack appeared to be securely mounted to the roof of my car. I then decided to drive over to Southwest Bicycles in nearby Peoria, AZ. Despite all of the potholes and bumps in the road, I managed to drive my car to the parking lot for Southwest Bicycles without incident. It was an easy task to remove my bike from the Talon bike rack, so I could remount the front tire. Removing the front and rear racks was easy. I just pressed the rubber tab for each suction cup. I then removed both racks and placed them into my trunk for storage. An important point to remember is that the Sea Sucker bike rack is not secure. There is no way to lock the Sea Sucker Talon bike rack to prevent someone from stealing it.
Arriving at the parking lot for Southwest Bicycles in Peoria, AZ.
In Conclusion
Thus far, I have been impressed with the Talon bike rack from Sea Sucker. This particular bike rack saved me from having to spend several hundreds of dollars on a roof rack for my car. Eventually, I would like to use the Talon bike rack to take my bike down to, say, downtown Phoenix for a bike ride. We'll see if it passes that test.
This will be a post about the following IT applications: PuTTY, Wireshark, and NMAP.
As I am working my way through "Module 1: Network Support" in the Network Support and Security online class available at the Cisco Networking Academy, I became reacquainted with the IT applications Wireshark and NMAP. Since I recently wrote about it, I also became reacquainted with the IT application PuTTY.
What is PuTTY?
Due to my recent post about my first IT job, I recently downloaded a copy of the PuTTY application onto my Dell laptop. What does PuTTY do and what is it used for? Here is a good description:
PuTTY is a free and open-source terminal emulator, serial console and network file transfer application. It supports several network protocols, including SCP, SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw socket connection. It can also connect to a serial port. The name "PuTTY" has no official meaning.
In so many words, with PuTTY running on your computer (laptop or desktop), you can connect to a switch, a router, or a host and make changes to the configuration.
With PuTTY, you can connect to a host, a router, or a switch using a computer protocol called Telnet. It's not recommended that you use Telnet, however. Telnet does not encrypt user names and passwords. As a result, if someone was monitoring your activity with a packet sniffer, such as Wireshark (see below), he or she would be able to determine your logon credentials. Telnet dates from the 1970s and 1980s when computer security had a low priority since users were U.S. government employees.
As a result of this flaw with Telnet, it is highly recommended that you use a computer protocol known as Secure Shell, or SSH. SSH will encrypt your logon user name and password, making it rather difficult for potentially malignant actors to eavesdrop on your data.
Is there a reason for using PuTTY at home? Well, the main draw with an application like PuTTY is that it is an open-source application that is independent of any software or hardware vendor. Unless you have your own collection of servers and routers at home, such as for studying for Cisco's CCNA certification, you might find that PuTTY is of limited use.
That said, there could be instances where you could use PuTTY at home. This might be a subject worth pursuing at some point.
I am slowly making my way through the Network Support and Security online course from the Cisco Networking Academy. In Section 1.5 "Troubleshoot a Network", there are a couple of hands-on labs that utilize both Wireshark and NMAP.
Screenshot of PuTTY interface.
What is Wireshark?
What is NMAP?
I just downloaded and installed NMAP onto my computer. I cannot wait to try it out.
Screenshot of NMAP using the command prompt option.
Screenshot of NMAP's graphical user interface (GUI) known as Zenmap.
Yes, there has been a lack of new posts to my blog.
Quite simply, I have been rather busy working on some quite complex posts on my blog here at Blogger.
Some of these complex posts that I have been devoting large chunks of time to include the following:
A rather lengthy post about my first job in information technology (IT) with a Baltimore, MD area company called Data Networks. Status: Completed
A second lengthy post about my recent purchase of the Sea Sucker bike rack. Status: Completed
A third lengthy post about the another movie that I saw at the Cine Core Movie Theatre in Seoul, South Korea. Status: Completed
A fourth length post about rediscovering that I own a copy of the South Korean version of the animated film "Ghost in the Shell" on DVD. Status: Completed
A fifth post about my first hike at Thunderbird Conservation Park in Glendale, AZ. Status: Completed
Most of these posts have been completed. The only post that has NOT been completed is my post about the Cine Core Movie Theatre. I hope to finish that post soon. Really soon.
Meanwhile, I have been working on a new online course about computer networking over at the Cisco Networking Academy website.
I have learned A LOT about the importance of planning out a blog post and sticking to your plan. It's so easy to get lost down a rabbit hole when writing a blog post. Just when I think that I have completed a post, I think of new things to add to the post. Plus, I have the urge to re-write large sections of a post.
Plus, there's all of the normal, day-to-day stuff that comes my way.
It never ends. Things just get more and more complex.
This week, I dropped the AI Fundamentals with IBM SkillsBuild online class at the Cisco Networking Academy.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence with IBM SkillsBuild
I completed the first module, "Introduction to Artificial Intelligence". It was interesting to learn about what artificial intelligence is and what it is not. It was also interesting to learn about the history of artificial intelligence and its different categories. It was also interesting to learn about the different techniques on how machine learning solves problems. As you progress through the class, you eventually work with IBM Watson AI to run a couple of simulations. It's all fascinating. Moreover, while AI may be the latest IT buzzword, AI isn't going away anytime soon. Thus, it's important to learn what it is and what it can do. My understanding is that the newest version of the Official Cert Guide for CCNA from Cisco Press will have a chapter about using AI in regards to networking.
However, since I have one last online course to complete all of the networking courses from Cisco Networking Academy, I made the decision to stop the AI Fundamentals with IBM SkillsBuild online class. Despite my newly found interest in the subject, the course itself is a distraction from my goal of completing the online courses for networking. I will come back and complete the course at a later date.
As a result, I went ahead and started the Network Support and Security online class instead.
Network Support and Security Online Course
While the Network Support and Security online class may only have three training modules, each individual module is quite lengthy.
Here are the three modules:
Network Support
Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks
Network Security
Plus, as I mentioned in a previous post, I have a long list of online courses at the Cisco Networking Academy that I want to complete.
Back in May of this year, at the start of a 20 mile bike ride on a late Saturday morning, the inflatable tube in the rear tire of my Trek Bikes Hybrid FX 2.0 bike exploded. Not only did the inflatable tube explode, there was a long gash in the rear tire. As a result, I had to walk back to my mother's house while pushing the bike. I was disappointed, but I wasn't exactly angry. I knew that my bike was a ticking time bomb. It was just a matter of time before I needed to make a major repair of some kind.
Some Background
The Bike Lane of Reston, VA
I originally bought the hybrid bike from a bike shop known as The Bike Lane that used to be located at the Reston Town Center in Reston, VA, during the summer of 2014. The Bike Lane used to be a short walk down the street from the infamous Jackson's Mighty Fine Food and Lucky Lounge. The Bike Lane is now located at 11150 Sunset Hills Drive near Wiehle Metro station. The Bike Lane was a pretty good store to just walk and look around. I knew nothing about Trek Bikes, but I liked what I saw. One Sunday afternoon in July 2014, I was walking around Reston Town Center and noticed that The Bike Lane was having a sale. Moreover, there were people inside and outside the store, which was unusual. Curious, I walked into the store for the first time. I discovered that The Bike Lane had reduced their prices on all of the Trek Bikes they had in stock. For some time, I was thinking about buying a hybrid bike, so I could ride the bike trails in Reston and Herndon since I developed osteoarthritis in both knees and could no longer go jogging. I gave my driver's license to the store manager and took the bike for a test ride around Reston Town Center. I had a fun time riding the bike. The regular price for the Hybrid FX 2.0 bike was $650. However, with the promotion, the bike was on sale for $500. Plus, the store manager reduced the price of the bike by $50 since the bike already had some scratches on the frame. I ended up buying both the bike and a bike helmet. I then rode the bike along the Washington and Old Dominion Trail through Reston to Herndon, VA and on to Ashburn, VA. Due to a fortunate series of events, most of the parts on my hybrid bike never needed maintenance of any kind. When I rode my bike on the bike trails around the Reston-Herndon-Ashburn, VA area, I never had any problems. Not even a flat tire. When I moved Columbia, MD, in 2016, I still didn't have any problems with my bike. However, when the lease on my apartment next to Columbia Mall expired in June 2017, I had the moving company ship my bike to my mother's house in Sun City, AZ. For several years, my Trek Hybrid FX 2.0 bike collected dust in the garage, while getting baked by the Arizona heat.
Presta Valve versus Schrader Valve
Southwest Bicycles of Peoria, AZ
When I moved back to Arizona from living in the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore, MD area for 13 years this past November, one of my goals was to get my bike back up and running. One of the first things I did was go over to the nearest bike shop, Southwest Bicycles in nearby Peoria, AZ, and buy two new inflatable bike tubes for the tires. When I went to buy the new inflatable bike tubes, I had a decision to make. Was I going to buy inflatable bike tubes with a Presta valve or inflatable tubes with a Schrader valve? Not really understanding the difference between the two different valves, I went with the Presta valves. After all, inflatable bike tubes are inflatable bike tubes, right? Big mistake. There are big differences between the two bike tube types. My Trek Hybrid bike originally came with inflatable tubes that had Schrader valves. I should have bought two inflatable bike tubes with Schrader valves. That's probably a good rule of thumb to remember when buying replacement parts for your bike. When you buy replacement parts for your bike, try to stay with what your bike originally came with.
Bike Tube with Presta Valve
After buying two inflatable bike tubes with Presta valves, a brand new Trek hand pump, and some other miscellaneous items for my bike, I took everything back to my mother's house to get to work. After some difficulty, I managed to replace the old inflatable bike tubes with Schrader valves with the new inflatable bike tubes with the Presta valves. I then inflated both tubes with my brand new Trek hand pump. Something didn't seem quite right. There was an issue with the inflatable bike tubes. Knowing that my hybrid bike had never received any kind of maintenance, I went ahead and made an appointment with Southwest Bicycles to perform a tune-up on my bike.
Bike Tube with Schrader Valve
On the day I picked up my bike from South West Bikes, I took my bike for a ride on the New River Trail that is literaly right next to Southwest Bicycles. After riding as far north as Happy Valley Road in northern Peoria (or is it Glendale?), I heard a loud PSSSSHHHHH!!!!!! sound come from my bike as I was heading south near Beardsley Road on the New River Trail. The front tire was completely flat. I tried using a CO2 cartridge to inflate the front tube. No luck. After taking a short break, I walked my bike all the way back to Southwest Bicycles. After explaining what happened, Southwest Bicycles explained to me that several customers had similar experiences to mine. The apparent cause was the Presta valve in the inflatable tube of the front tire. One of the repair technicians replaced the inflatable tube with the Presta valve with an inflatable tube with a Schrader valve. The repair technician even inserted a thorn guard between the inflatable tube and the tire. The repair technician also inflated the tires to the appropriate level. Belive it or not, Southwest Bicycles performed this repair for FREE. I was surprised. I was prepared to pay for the replacement inflatable bike tube, but they turned me down. For the next couple of months, I didn't have any problems with my Trek Hybrid FX 2.0 bike, riding on the New River Trail and on roads in Sun City. Then, the inflatable tube in the rear tire exploded on a Saturday in May 2024. The reason? You guessed it, the inflatable tube had a Presta valve.
Another Problem
I removed the rear tire from the bike and took it back to Southwest Bicycles. Since it was already after 4:00 PM on a Saturday afternoon, I was told that the repair technicians would not be able to take a look at my bike's tire until Monday at the earliest. Not a problem, I said. Then, on Sunday afternoon, I received a phone call from a repair technician at Southwest Bicycles. He said that the issue was with the Presta valve. He said that when the bike tube exploded, it created a long gash in the tire. He said that he installed a new inflatable tube with a Schrader valve. Additionally, he replaced the original tire with a new one. When I brought back the new rear tire to my mother's house from South West Bikes, things got rather interesting.
Since it had been so long since I had to replace a rear tire, I had to watch a couple of videos on how to do the task. Since I don't have a bicycle repair stand, I had to remove my cell phone holder, my headlamp, my saddlebags, and the rack. With some difficulty, I managed to mount the rear tire. I had enonormous difficulty with the bike chain. I also had problems with disconnecting the brake pads from the brake cable. Still, I managed to get the rear tire mounted to the bike frame. Yet, there was another problem. The new problem was that the brakes no longer worked properly. The brake pads clamped shut on the tire. Additionally, the brake handle no longer worked. I disconnected the brake pads a second time. I then removed the rear tire from the bike frame. Then, somehow, the bike chain inexplicably twisted upon itself. I went to YouTube and watched a couple of videos on how to untwist a bike chain. None of the techniques worked on my bike chain. With no way to transport my bike to Southwest Bicycles, my bike sat in my mom's garage.
My Trek Hybrid Bike with Twisted Bike Chain
SeaSucker Bike Rack
My car, a Nissan Maxima 2010 SV, has a rear spoiler above the trunk. Finding a bike rack for my car has been very difficult. Because of the rear spoiler, I cannot use a bike rack that attaches to the trunk. Sorry, Thule, Yakima, and Saris. In order to use a hitch bike rack on my car, I would need to have a hitch attachment installed underneath my car. Then, I am not too interested in spending several hundreds of dollars on a roof bike rack. While looking through the REI webpage one day, I came across the Talon MAX 1-Bike Rack by SeaSucker. I was disappointed to discover that the Talon MAX 1 bike rack is an online-only item. As a result, you can go to your local REI store and take a look at it. Curious, I went ahead and ordered one from the REI webpage. The Talon MAX 1 bike rack is a roof bike rack that utilizes suction cups to stick to the roof of your car. The Talon MAX 1 comes in two pieces. One piece has three suction cups. This piece is where you attach the front tire. The second piece consists of one suction cup. This is where you attach the rear tire. Unlike bike racks from Thule and Yakima, the Talon MAX 1 bike rack has a simple set up and doesn't require buying any extra equipment. I am really interested in trying it out.
SeaSucker Talon MAX 1 (Front)
SeaSucker Talon MAX 1 (Back)
SeaSucker Talon MAX 1 (Inside Box)
SeaSucker Talon MAX 1 (Instructions)
Here is a video from SeaSucker on how to set up the Talon MAX 1.
In case you weren't aware, I have fallen behind on posting updates to my blog for the past couple of weeks.
Yes, it is true.
As per usual, I have been REALLY busy doing all kinds of stuff.
Last week, I made completing the Final Exam for the Network Addressing and Basic Troublshooting online course from Cisco Networking Academy a top priority.
In addition, I somehow found myself getting involved with working at the State Farm Stadium in Glendale, AZ during public events. Not too sure how that happened, but there it is. As a result, I have been busy completing the online courses for serving alcohol and preparing and serving food.
In the meantime, I have started a new online course with Cisco Networking Academy. I will probably make that into its own blog post.
Plus, I need to keep working on the complex blog posts that I have been working on for the past couple of weeks here on Blogger. Those three posts NEED TO BE completed ASAP.
As per usual, there never is enough hours in the day.
